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The ''Farragut''-class destroyers were a class of eight 1,365-ton destroyers in the United States Navy, and the first US destroyers of post-World War I design. Their construction, along with the , was authorized by Congress on 29 April 1916, but funding was delayed considerably. Limited to 1,500 tons standard displacement by the provisions of the London Naval Treaty of 1930, the ships were laid down beginning in 1932 and were completed by 1935. After 12 years since the last of the previous class of American destroyers (the ) was commissioned, the ''Farragut''s were commissioned in 1934 and 1935. These ships were slightly larger than their predecessors, faster, and they had only two stacks, versus the four stacks common to all the earlier classes. The class was the first of six classes of 1,500-ton destroyers built in the 1930s to modernize the United States Navy, and all eight ''Farragut''s saw extensive front-line service during World War II.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Farragut-class destroyers )〕 After numerous incremental improvements, the 1,500-tonners were succeeded by the 2,100-ton , which was not subject to treaty restrictions. ==Design== The ''Farragut''s were a considerable improvement from previous destroyers, taking advantage of technological advances during the 12-year gap in destroyer production. The impact of aircraft on naval warfare was reflected in their heavy dual-purpose main gun armament. They also had greatly improved machinery and greater fuel capacity that extended their range to as opposed to the ''Clemson''s .〔Friedman, pp. 44, 463〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Farragut'' class )〕 Their larger size and improved habitability soon earned them the nickname of "goldplaters" from the crews of older destroyers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title="Goldplater"s )〕 The list of desired improvements compiled from the operational experience of the earlier and ''Clemson'' classes was both long and comprehensive. Both classes had pointed sterns that deeply dug into the water, greatly increasing turning diameter.〔Friedman, p.46〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''Wickes'' and ''Clemson'' Classes )〕 This was addressed with the transom stern design of the ''Farragut'' class. The previous classes were flush deck designs; while providing good hull strength, this proved to be wet in high seas.〔〔 This was addressed with the raised forecastle employed on the ''Farragut'' class. Cruising range on both the ''Wickes'' and ''Clemson'' classes had been a constant affliction of commanders; the ''Clemson''s had been built with wing tanks giving better range, but at the cost of having high mounted fuel oil on both sides—a decidedly-vulnerable feature in a ship without an armored belt such as a destroyer.〔Friedman, p.44〕 The ''Farragut'' class corrected this range deficiency by having a design range of as opposed to the ''Clemson's'' .〔〔 Steady improvements to both boilers and steam turbines in the years between the ''Clemson'' and ''Farragut'' designs allowed this improved range, along with greater speed and a reduction from 4 to 2 stacks. The success of the efforts become clear with the testimony of Rear Admiral Emory S. Land, head of the Bureau of Construction and Repair, to the General Board, comparing the ''Farragut'' class to the ''Wickes'' and ''Clemson'' classes. Those advantages were: *The ''Farragut'' class was 3.3 knots faster. *The class had double the GM height (resulting in greater stability). *They had 25% more armament—5 main guns rather than 4—and about 35% greater firepower, mounting as opposed to the 4 in (102 mm)/50 caliber gun (Mark 9) mounted on most previous destroyers. *All 8 torpedo tubes were on the preferred centerline position. *The guns were fed by power hoist from the magazines. *Being high-freeboard vessels, sea-keeping was much improved over the flush deckers that preceded it. *The radius of action increased by . This had all been accomplished on a displacement rise of only 22%.〔Friedman p.81〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Farragut-class destroyer (1934)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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